Real-time gun detection in CCTV: An open problem

Object detectors have improved in recent years, obtaining better results and faster inference time. However, small object detection is still a problem that has not yet a definitive solution. The autonomous weapons detection on Closed-circuit television (CCTV) has been studied recently, being extremely useful in the field of security, counter-terrorism, and risk mitigation. This article presents a new dataset obtained from a real CCTV installed in a university and the generation of synthetic images, to which Faster R-CNN was applied using Feature Pyramid Network with ResNet-50 resulting in a weapon detection model able to be used in quasi real-time CCTV (90 ms of inference time with an NVIDIA GeForce GTX-1080Ti card) improving the state of the art on weapon detection in a two stages training. In this work, an exhaustive experimental study of the detector with these datasets was performed, showing the impact of synthetic datasets on the training of weapons detection systems, as well as the main limitations that these systems present nowadays. The generated synthetic dataset and the real CCTV dataset are available to the whole research community.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2017-82113-C2-1-

Improvement in wall motion after pindolol : a mechanism for the preservation of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease

1. In order to evaluate the mechanism by which beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity preserve left ventricular systolic function at rest, 46 patients with coronary artery disease were studied by right and left heart catheterization and left ventriculography. Patients were studied using a double-blind, randomized protocol before and after a single intravenous dose of 3 mg propranolol (N = 22) or 0.5 mg pindolol (N = 24). 2. Mean right atrial pressure increased similarly after both drugs. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mean aortic pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance did not change significantly after either drug. Cardiac index (before: 3.0 ± 0. 7 (mean± SEM); after: 2.8 ± 0.2 I min·l m·2) and heart rate (before: 78 ± 15; after: 72 ± 12 bpm) decreased only after propranolol administration. 3. Ejection fraction decreased only after propranolol (48 ± 16 to 41 ± 15%). Improvement in segmental wall motion abnormalities was noted (23 of 47 segments) only after pindolol. The total left ventricular wall motion score improved after pindolol and worsened after propranolol (P < 0.05). In patients with impaired left ventricular function, pindolol administration resulted in improved resting ejection fraction. 4. Thus, the acute hemodynamic consequences of pindolol administration differ from those of propranolol owing to the preservation of left ventricular systolic function which seems to be related to the intrinsic sympathomimetic effect of pindolol on areas of reversible wall motion abnormality

Reversão da angina refratária ao uso de nitratos com o emprego de verapamil endovenoso durante cateterismo cardíaco

O presente estudo foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos da administração intravenosa do verapamil (0,15 mg/kg) em 12 pacientes que apresentaram angina durante o cateterismo cardíaco, não havendo alívio da dor 5 minutos após a administração da nitroglicerina sublingual. Após o uso do verapamil, houve desaparecimento da dor anginosa. Os valores das pressões pulmonar, sistólica e diastólica final do ventrículo esquerdo, da freqüência cardíaca e da dP/dt máxima haviam aumentado durante a angina e praticamente permanecido inalterados durante a administração de nitroglicerina. Essas variáveis atingiram valores próximos aos observados em situação basal após o uso do verapamil. Concluímos que o verapamil pode ser uma alternativa no tratamento da angina severa e refratária por reduzir o consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio e por suas ações coronariodilatadoras.The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intravenous administration of verapamil (0.15 mg/Kg) in 12 patients who presented angina during cardiac catheterization who did not respond after 5 minutes of sublingual nitroglycerin. After the use of verapamil the symptoms of angina disappeared. The values of pulmonary pressure, left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressure, heart rate and leak dP/dt had increased during angina and had persisted with almost the same values during nitroglycerin administration. These variables returned to values similar to the basal ones after the use of verapamil. We conclude that verapamil may be an alternative in the treatment of serious and refractory angina due to its effects by reducting myocardial oxygen uptake or to its coronary vasodilator effects

Effect of Different Root Canal Irrigant Solutions on the Release of Dentin-Growth Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-09-29, pub-electronic 2021-10-05Publication status: PublishedIrrigant solutions are used to promote dentin-growth factors (GF) release for regenerative endodontics. This review aimed to evaluate the reports comparing the release of GFs using different root canal irrigant solutions. Eligible studies compared the in vitro GF release in human teeth after the use of at least two distinct solutions. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs on 11 August 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using SciRAP. Study characteristics and quantitative data were extracted, and meta-analyses were performed for the mean difference (95% confidence interval) of the release of transforming growth factors Beta 1 (TGF-β1) by EDTA compared to other irrigants. Of sixteen eligible studies, eight were included in quantitative analysis. ELISA assays showed higher TGF-β1 release from 10% EDTA compared to 10% citric acid (p 0.00001). Immunogold assays showed higher levels of TGF-β1 for 17% EDTA (p 0.00001) compared to 10% citric acid. GRADE identified a low to very low certainty of evidence. These results point to an increased release of TGF-β1 in dentin treated with EDTA. The high heterogeneity and very low certainty of the evidence demand further studies before EDTA indication as a better irrigant for regenerative endodontics. Registration: CRD42020160871 (PROSPERO)

Efeito da apnéia inspiratória sobre a circulação geral e sobre o coração

Foram estudados três grupos, o 1.º constituído por 8 pacientes normais (GI), o 2.º por 19 pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (G2) e o 3.º, por 28 pacientes portadores de cardiopatia isquêmica sem insuficiência cardíaca (G3), durante cateterismo cardíaco em situação basal e em apnéia inspiratória. Durante a inspiração, a pressão média no átrio direito aumentou de 2,0 ± 0,7 mmHg para 5,0 ± 1,8 mmHg (p 0. 05) in group II; from 3.0 ± 0.4 mmHg to 5.0 ± 1.3 mmHg (p > 0.05) in group III. Mean pulmonary pressure increased from 13.0 ± 1.1 mmHg to 18.0 ± 18 mmHg. (p < 0.05) in group I, did not change in group II and increased in group III from 18,0 ± 3.5 mmHg to 21.2 ± 1.9 mmHg (p < 0.05) in group III. Although left ventricular systolic pressure had a slight decrease in all groups, this decrease proved significant only in patients belonging to group III (p < 0,05). Left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure did not change in any group. The mean aortic pressure decreased from 98.0 ± 3.4 mmHg to 90.0 ± 3.2 mmHg (p < 0.05) in group II and from 114.0 ± 3.6 mmHg to 109.0 ± 3.6 mmHg (p < 0.05) in group III. The heart rate decreased from 80.0 ± 3.2 bpm t o 7 0 . 0 ± 2 . 8 b p m ( p < 0 , 0 1 ) in group I ; from 77.0 ± 3.7 to 70.0 ± 3.2 bpm (p < 0.01) in group II; from 77.0 ± 1,7 bpm to 71.0 ± 1.5 bpm (p < 0,001) in group III. The cardiac output decreased from 6.5 ± 0.3 l/mim to 5.6 ± 0.3 l/ min (p < 0.01) in group I; from 5.8 ± 0.3 1/min to 5.0 ± 0.3 l/ min (p < 0,01) in group II and from 5.7 ± 0.2 l/min to 5.0 ± 0.2 l/min (p < 0.001) in group III. The systolic volume did not change in any group

Somatostatin subtype-2 receptor-targeted metal-based anticancer complexes

Conjugates of a dicarba analogue of octreotide, a potent somatostatin agonist whose receptors are overexpressed on tumor cells, with [PtCl 2(dap)] (dap = 1-(carboxylic acid)-1,2-diaminoethane) (3), [(η 6-bip)Os(4-CO 2-pico)Cl] (bip = biphenyl, pico = picolinate) (4), [(η 6-p-cym)RuCl(dap)] + (p-cym = p-cymene) (5), and [(η 6-p-cym)RuCl(imidazole-CO 2H)(PPh 3)] + (6), were synthesized by using a solid-phase approach. Conjugates 3-5 readily underwent hydrolysis and DNA binding, whereas conjugate 6 was inert to ligand substitution. NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics calculations showed that conjugate formation does not perturb the overall peptide structure. Only 6 exhibited antiproliferative activity in human tumor cells (IC 50 = 63 ± 2 μ in MCF-7 cells and IC 50 = 26 ± 3 μ in DU-145 cells) with active participation of somatostatin receptors in cellular uptake. Similar cytotoxic activity was found in a normal cell line (IC 50 = 45 ± 2.6 μ in CHO cells), which can be attributed to a similar level of expression of somatostatin subtype-2 receptor. These studies provide new insights into the effect of receptor-binding peptide conjugation on the activity of metal-based anticancer drugs, and demonstrate the potential of such hybrid compounds to target tumor cells specifically. © 2012 American Chemical Society

Microenxertia em cultivares de manga

Com a finalidade de se testar a viabilidade do método de microenxertia para produzir mudas de mangueira livres do fungo Fusarium subglutinans, agente causal da malformação, foram realizados experimentos utilizando-se do ápice meristemático da cultivar Tommy Atkins. Retirou-se o ápice meristemático do porta-enxerto e colocou-se o ápice meristemático da cultivar-copa, denominando-se essa metodologia de microenxertia por substituição de ápice meristemático, na qual foram utilizadas as cultivares Coquinho, Espada, Ouro e Ubá como porta-enxertos. O material de propagação utilizado foi retirado de uma planta-matriz da cultivar Tommy Atkins sem sintomas de malformação. Primeiramente, a parte apical dos ramos foi cortada com aproximadamente 3 cm de comprimento. Os meristemas foram colocados em uma solução antioxidante composta de ácido ascórbico, ácido cítrico e L-cisteína, para evitar a oxidação dos compostos fenólicos existentes na manga. Os meristemas apicais foram cortados com comprimento de 2 mm. em seguida, efetuou-se o corte do meristema apical e de folhas do porta-enxerto, colocando-se o meristema apical sobre o corte do porta-enxerto, recobrindo-se com Parafilm®. Demonstrou-se com a técnica de microenxertia a possibilidade de formação de plantas-matrizes, para implantação de jardim clonal em condições de viveiro protegido.This research was carried out with the purpose to produce mangoes trees free of fungus Fusarium subglutinans, causal agent of mango malformation by using the apex meristem to substitute it for the meristem of the commercial cultivar Tommy Atkins. This micrografting methodology was denominated meristem substitution through which the cultivars Coquinho, Espada, Ouro and Ubá were used as rootstocks. The micrografts were collected from 'Tommy Atkins' mother plant without malformation symptoms. Firstly, branch apexes were cut off having length of 3 cm. Each apex meristem was placed in an antioxidant solution composed of ascorbic acid, citric acid and cistein, to avoid the oxidation of the fenolic compounds. The apex meristem was cut with 2 mm length. The apex meristem and leaves of the rootstock were also cut off then the apex meristem of Tommy Atkins was placed on the extremity of the rootstock, being covered with ParafilmR. It was demonstrated that micrografting technique may develop matrix plants to implant a cloned garden in the protected greenhouse conditions

Comportamento de cultivares de manga (Mangifera indica L.) em relação à malformação

A malformação da mangueira causada pelo fungo Fusarium subglutinans Wollenweb & Reinking é provavelmente a doença que mais causa prejuízos à produção de manga no Brasil e em outros países produtores. Esse fungo foi isolado de uma planta-matriz da cultivar Tommy Atkins com avançados sintomas da doença, purificado e preparado para ser inoculado em 15 cultivares de manga nacionais e importadas. Inicialmente, foram inoculadas, em julho de 2000, 10 cultivares: Bourbon IAC - 100, Coração-de-Boi, Keitt, Parvin, Primor de Amoreira, Sensation, Smith, Surpresa, Tommy Atkins e Van Dyke. O segundo grupo foi inoculado em dezembro de 2000, com as cultivares: Adams, Bhadauran, Palmer, Princesa e Zill, e repetiu-se a inoculação com outras mudas das cultivares Primor de Amoreira, Sensation e Tommy Atkins, com a finalidade de se compararem as duas épocas de inoculação. Através dos dados obtidos com as plantas avaliadas nas duas épocas de inoculação, após 11 meses de observações, realizou-se o teste de médias Z para comparar a proporção de plantas doentes entre as cultivares, podendo-se concluir, com os resultados obtidos, que as cultivares Bhadauran, Palmer, Parvin, Sensation, Surpresa, Van Dyke e Zill apresentam menor porcentagem de plantas com sintomas de malformação ou menor progressão de sintomas em relação às outras cultivares inoculadas, para as condições de ambiente protegido em que foram realizados os ensaios.The malformation of mango caused by the fungus Fusarium subglutinans Wollenweb & Reinking is probably one of the diseases that causes more damages in the mangoes production in Brazil and other producer countries. This fungus was isolated from a Tommy Atkins plant with advanced symptoms of malformation, purified and prepared to be inoculated in 15 cultivars of national and imported mangoes. Initially, 10 cultivars had been inoculated in July/2000: Bourbon IAC - 100, Coração de Boi, Keitt, Parvin, Primor de Amoreira, Sensation, Smith, Surpresa, Tommy Atkins and Van Dyke. The second group was inoculated in December/2000, on the cultivars: Adams, Bhadauran, Palmer, Princesa and Zill, and the inoculation were repeated with others cultivars: Primor de Amoreira, Sensation and Tommy Atkins, with the purpose of comparing the two different times of inoculation. Throughout the data collected at the different times, after 11 months of evaluation, the analysis with Z mean test was made to compare the averages of unhealthy plants from inoculated cultivars. It can be concluded with the results obtained that the cultivars Bhadauran, Palmer, Parvin, Sensation, Surpresa, Van Dyke and Zill present smaller percentage of plants with malformation symptoms or smaller progression of symptoms in relation to the other inoculated cultivars, under protected environmental conditions, where the assays were carried out